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Sustainable Fashion & Textile journeys - Part 2

Cookie West
Mona Collection
Research interest developments

Whilst studying part-time on the MA course, I was also running Cookie West Showroom & Party Plan. For the Fashion Promotion and Illustration module, which aimed to broaden and improve your visual presentation skills of a  fashion design concept and collection, I selected to pattern draft and construct a number of the garments as well. To give further making experience and to give the opportunity of bringing fashion photography & film making into my studies. (I later used these skills for the communication of my MA Major Design Project). In this module I designed a collection of co-ordinating lingerie, shapewear, womenswear and nightwear pieces and communicated the 'Mona by Cookie West' collection through an online brochure, photography & video. The nightwear pieces were then further developed and sold at Cookie West Showroom and the dresses were developed as a bespoke design project for model and muse Lauren. This nightwear collection became the first of several Cookie West 'own label' soft lingerie & nightwear collections.

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I decided to take an upcycling approach to the design of the collection and sourced all fabrics, trims and components from a supplier who specialised in 'end of line' contour fabrics. I had good knowledge of the qualities/properties of the fabrics already, as I had sold lingerie, nightwear and loungewear garments made from them at Cookie West Boutique in previous years, from a variety of Contour Fashion brands. This also meant that I had all the fabric & trim composition and laundering & care information and could label the upcycled designs accurately. At the time, upcycling had started to become popular as a way for 'end of line' or 'reclaimed' materials to be diverted from going into landfill and to have a 'second life'. I creatively put together the fabrics and trims into the new garment designs, ensuring they were used in different garments and in different ways or combinations than in their 'first life'. As a small business this was an economic way to produce high quality, small 'own label' collections to sell alongside branded ranges and meant that I was giving these 'end of line' material resources a second life and keeping them in use for longer. However, I was aware there needed to be far improved solutions to creating less waste in the fashion industry and aware that the fabric was simply having its journey delayed to being downcycled or disposal in landfill. I viewed upcycling as a short term, resourceful method to deal with the current waste created by an inefficient fashion system, but that in the long term the model needed to change so that 'waste' was not created.

 

Through reading of articles and what clothing brands were doing I began to explore what was possible in terms of fully recycling synthetic fabrics and what was the potential for contour fabrics being made from recycled plastic waste. Questioning whether this was safe for skin and the environment, could there be energy and resource savings (compared to making raw virgin materials) and could fibre-to-fibre recycling be possible for synthetic contour garments at the end of their lives? Could creating more sustainable and ecologically safe synthetic fibres and fabrics, be less harmful than the water and pesticides used for cotton agriculture (or the water consumption needed for organic cotton)? Could polyester be safely and continuously recycled? I looked at Patagonia's take back and repair schemes and the fibre-to-fibre recycling they were doing with Teijin in Japan. 

 

I also began to explore how the clothing and textiles industry could transition to a circular economy model and what this would look like and need to involve. I followed what was happening with the Ellen MacArthur Foundation and became interested in themes such as how to keep resources and materials circling (& what are the roles of the consumer and industry here), how to design out waste or design for the waste created being beneficial for the next stage of the cycle, how to reduce (or design out completely) any processes or products that cause harm to the environment.

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In Spring 2014 I closed Cookie West Showroom & Party Plan, but continued to work on small freelance projects.  I began to supply a design, make or adaptation bespoke service for private clients: women's performance sports/activewear, lingerie, swimwear, nightwear and dresses, made using ‘end of line’ fabrics and trims or adapting/altering an existing garment. Plus a repairs service, to extend the lifetime of clothing. Alongside this, I started as the Partnership Manager for arts & cultural charity Big Difference Company in August 2014. Who produce a range of events, Festivals, projects and programmes, using the Arts and Comedy to make a difference to peoples' lives.

Freelance Design, Making
and Research
&
Bespoke Project for
Baby Universe

In 2015 I started to study for a Level 3 qualification in Sports Massage Therapy. I refreshed my human anatomy & physiology and health & fitness knowledge; and learnt the principles of soft tissue disfunction and a range of sports massage treatment techniques. I qualified in June 2016 and I now regularly practice sports massage therapy with family, friends and private clients.

 

I began to work with Baby Universe Inc. from Japan in January 2016, as a freelance sportswear designer on their Bespoke Project. They have developed computer software that automatically generates graphic data for printing (on to paper, packaging or fabric) and a series of Adobe Illustrator plug-ins, which include tools for: digitally drafting garment patterns, measuring curves and adding notches, adding seam allowances to patterns and creating printable templates, so that pattern, colour or logos can be printed on to fabric pattern pieces. With this last tool the pattern data can be sent directly to a garment plotter, printed on to the surface and then the pattern pieces can be cut out and constructed.

 

The Bespoke app developed, allows a consumer to order and personalise the garment design, in terms of size, width and length (of the body, sleeves or legs) and the colour and pattern on fabric and trims. The app then auto generates the garment pattern, printing and cutting data, along with sewing instructions. My initial role was to design and develop a collection of garments and outfits suitable to be worn for running, cycling and yoga, for the Japanese women's activewear market. I designed the colour and pattern options that could be selected for the main areas, panels and highlights/trims of the garment designs and drafted the first pattern for each garment. (These were then digitised and graded by Baby Universe Inc, using their tools.) The activewear garments were designed in a modular way, so that there were several areas of the garment where the consumer could select how they wanted it to look. The aim of the concept was that the consumer would have a stronger enjoyment and attachment to the garment/outfit if they had ‘co-designed’ it and had been able to experience designing/selecting the colours and prints of the fabric panels and trims themselves. 

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The technology allows an optimal marker/lay plan to be auto generated (with as little fabric wastage as possible) and then for the ‘pattern’ or ‘plain colour’ to be engineered to print directly on to each pattern piece, before the pattern pieces are cut out from the fabric. The technology applies the pattern/colour to exactly where it is required (on the pattern pieces) and not on the fabric that would become wastage. (So also reducing ink wastage). The technology also allows for local production models to be developed, with the garments being produced in the country where the order is placed. The process aims to also minimise waste by producing garments to customer demand.

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At this time I also began designing and planning a sustainably and ethically made sports/activewear collection (under the Cookie West name), aimed at women (of a wide range of ages, body sizes and shapes) who were looking for something different to what was available with the sports brands who target a teenage/young market or those that target the yoga/pilates participant market. I made a prototype collection in fabrics by Carvico and Jersey Lomellina, that were made from ECONYL fibres (100% regenerated nylon yarn). Made from pre and post-industrial waste (e.g. fishing nets, carpet & tulle), the nylon yarn is regenerated through a chemical-physical process. The company claims that there is also the benefit that ECONYL is produced without the use of "non renewable fossil raw materials". These fabrics feel very good and perform well, however I am still concerned about the environmental damage of the processes involved, whether this fabric is something that is healthy for our skin and whether these garments can be collected back in and the fibre regenerated again, so that recycling is happening in a continuous cycle. I am taking this forward in my current design practice, but looking at natural fabrics and their recyclability or how they can be composted safely.

 

Details of my current sustainable research and developments of the Bespoke project are given in the Journey to a Biodesign approach page.

Emotional Fit Project 
at NTU
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In January 2017 I started a part-time 7 month role as Research Fellow in Fashion Design for an Ageing Demographic. Based in the Fashion, Textiles & Knitwear Department of the School of Art & Design (at Nottingham Trent University). I contributed to the final stages of the Emotional Fit Project, led by Dr Katherine Townsend. It explored and interpreted the fashion and style experiences of a particular group of older women (aged 55+) and investigated the development of a new fashion design methodology for mature women. As an outcome of the research project, a collection of fashion garment prototypes were developed that addressed and catered for their changing emotional and physical needs. It was developed through an approach of co-creation and collaboration between the group and the academic team. Sustainable practices incorporated were geometric cutting to minimise waste in the production process and to produce versatile and adaptable silhouettes, in natural fabrics (silk, wool and linen).  The concept being that the garments could be worn and styled in numerous different ways, to support the emotional durability of the garment. To aid clothing longevity, textile prints and colour palettes were developed following the analysis and interpretation of the group’s aesthetic preferences and emotional responses. My role was also to arrange and manage a Fashion Salon event to showcase the collection and disseminate the research.

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While maintaining my personal sustainability research alongside this role, I first became aware of the microfibre shedding issues of synthetic fabrics (and the damaging plastic waste entering waterways and living organisms). I began reading about whether there was a way prevent microfibre shedding and the environmental damage and to question whether the only way forward for garments, was for them to be made from natural materials that could be produced, manufactured and disposed of by processes that did not cause any environmental (and social) harm.

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Alongside my part-time research roles at Nottingham Trent University, I continued in my current part-time role as Partnership Manager for Big Difference Company and also working on research, design, making, alteration and mending projects in my own practice.

Clothing
Longevity Project
&
Clothing Sustainability Research at NTU

During 2017 I took on a second part-time 8 month research role, in the School of Architecture, Design & Built Environment, as Research Assistant on the Clothing Longevity Project, led by Professor Tim Cooper. I worked on the trialling (with University staff and retailers) and subsequent development of the Clothing Durability Dozen toolkit. The toolkit had been researched, designed and developed to bring about improvements in clothing longevity. The final outcome of the role was to prepare the best version of the toolkit ready for publication by Defra and for it to be disseminated for use across both industry and education.

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In 2018 I progressed to a part-time role, as Research Fellow in Sustainable Clothing, to co-ordinate the research of the Clothing Sustainability Research Group. In this role I had the opportunity to learn about current topics and developments, attend conferences and exhibitions and organise visits from sustainability researchers, so that I could keep the research group informed of funding opportunities, journal and conference calls and research projects they could be involved with or learn from.

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In this role I also developed an outline of a research proposal for my own future research project, to be developed and submitted for Seedcorn funding under the Sustainable Futures research theme, introduced to NTU that year. This marked the start of my journey towards taking a Biodesign approach to sustainable future innovations for the clothing and textiles industry.

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As Research Fellow in Sustainable Clothing, I worked on 3 projects under the Sustainable Futures research theme from June to October 2018, exploring the motivations and practices of upcycling clothing designer & makers, how to scale up textile, product and furniture upcycling SMEs and developing a funding bid for a project that would explore current consumer understanding of sustainable clothing.

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As a personal project, I volunteered to work on the production of a Short Film and to develop all outfits for the characters. I took a sustainable approach to costume design and aimed to develop all outfits through garment hire, borrowing or the adaption of existing garments.

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